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		<title>Sweden’s 100 most environmentally influential people / Sveriges 100 miljömäktigaste personer</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/12/20/sveriges-100-miljomaktigaste-personer/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Dec 2011 21:44:33 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[(Swedish below) Every year the magazine Miljöaktuellt [Environmental News] publishes a list of Sweden’s 100 most influential people regarding the environment. Since part of the research we are engaged in is crucial for our future environment I am happy that someone has nominated me to be on the list. The actual list will be announced [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2447&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(Swedish below)</p>
<p>Every year the magazine Miljöaktuellt [Environmental News] publishes a list of Sweden’s 100 most influential people regarding the environment. Since part of the research we are engaged in is crucial for our future environment I am happy that someone has nominated me to be on the list. The actual list will be announced at Nalen on 18 January. Of course, I don’t expect to wind up high on the list but to be somewhere among the 100 would be fun.</p>
<p>Since 2003 I have asserted that the emissions scenarios published by the IPCC in 2000 are incorrect and can never happen in reality. At that time the matter gained publicity when CNN published on it in association with Anders Sivertsson presenting his Ph.D. thesis (<a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/10/02/global.warming/">read the article by CNN</a>). In my coming book, “Peeking at Peak Oil” I describe the goings on regarding the emissions scenarios. A detailed analysis of the scenarios can be found in our research article, <a href="http://www.tsl.uu.se/uhdsg/Publications/IPCC_article.pdf">”Validity of the fossil fuel production outlooks in the IPCC Emission Scenarios”</a>.</p>
<p>I would like to point out that the results of our analysis do not mean that there are no problems for our future with respect to climate change but the scenarios that are usually described as “business as usual” can never be true. In reality, our future requires us to change our energy system so that the world’s coming 9 billion people can survive. At the moment it is Peak Oil that is affecting our economy but that, unfortunately, is just the beginning. (I go into more detail regarding this in the book.)</p>
<p>At the moment the IPCC is working on “The Fifth Assessment Report” that is estimated to be ready by 2014. This report will also present scenarios on future emissions. Previously the IPCC published 40 scenarios and now, apparently, they plan to reduce these to four. The person who is responsible for the chapter on future scenarios has told me personally that I will be able to read the chapter before it is published and we will see if they have taken our research into account. The IPCC has stated that it must give regard to peer-reviewed research articles.</p>
<p>If this environmental engagement is sufficient for me to wind up on the top 100 list remains to be seen. In any case, currently the intention is that I will discuss these issues and other interesting parts of my book, Peeking at Peak Oil on the stage at Nalen with the chief editor of Miljöaktuellt Mikael Salo.</p>
<p>(Swedish)</p>
<p>Varje år upprättar tidningen Miljöaktuellt en lista på Sveriges 100 miljömäktigaste personer. Då en del av den forskning som vi bedriver är avgörande för vår framtida miljö blev jag glad för att någon nominerat mig till att vara med på listan. Själva utnämningen sker på Nalen den 18 januari och självfallet tror jag inte att jag skall hamna så högt på listan, men att vara med bland de 100 skulle vara trevligt. </p>
<p>Ända sedan 2003 har jag hävdat att de utsläppsscenarier som IPCC publicerade 2000 är felaktiga och kan aldrig ske i verkligheten. Då uppmärksammades det till och med av CNN i samband med att Anders Sivertsson presenterade sitt examensarbete (<a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/10/02/global.warming/">läs artikel i CNN</a>). I min kommande bok ”Peeking at Peak Oil” kommer jag att berätta om spelet runt utsläppsscenarierna. En detaljerad genomgång av scenarierna finns i vår forskningsartikel <a href="http://www.tsl.uu.se/uhdsg/Publications/IPCC_article.pdf">”Validity of the fossil fuel production outlooks in the IPCC Emission Scenarios”</a>.</p>
<p>Jag vill poängtera att detta inte betyder att det inte finns problem för framtiden men det betyder att de scenarier som man brukar kalla för ”Business as usual” aldrig kan bli verklighet och att vår framtid i verkligheten kräver en förändring av energisystemen för att 9 miljarder personer skall överleva. Just nu är det Peak Oil som påverkar vår ekonomi, men det är tyvärr bara början (mer om detta i boken).</p>
<p>Just nu arbetar IPCC med “The Fifth Assessment Report” som beräknas vara klar 2014. Även i denna rapport kommer det att finnas scenarier om framtida utsläpp. Tidigare har det varit 40 scenarier och nu skall man enligt dagrens planer reducera dem till 4. Den person som är ansvarig för kapitlet om framtidens scenarier har personligen sagt till mig att jag skall få läsa kapitlet innan det publiceras och vi får se om man tar hänsyn till vår forskning. IPCC har sagt att man skall ta hänsyn till forskningsgranskade artiklar.</p>
<p>Om detta är tillräckligt för att jag skall hamna på topp 100-listan återstår att se, men det är iallafall meningen att jag från scen skall diskutera dessa frågor och andra intressanta delar av min bok ”Peeking at Peak Oil” med Miljöaktuellt chefredaktör Mikael Salo. </p>
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		<title>World Petroleum Congress in Doha, Qatar; Total pulls itself into line.</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/12/08/2437/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2011 07:27:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[(Swedish below) Before the World Petroleum Congress in Doha, Qatar the newspaper Gulf Times wrote in an article that, “A highlight is the keynote speech that will be delivered by Total’s President and CEO, Christophe de Margerie on the theme: “Peak oil – ahead of us or behind us?” on December 7”. The fact that [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2437&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(Swedish below)</p>
<p>Before the World Petroleum Congress in Doha, Qatar the newspaper Gulf Times wrote in an article that, “A highlight is the keynote speech that will be delivered by Total’s President and CEO, Christophe de Margerie on the theme: “Peak oil – ahead of us or behind us?” on December 7”. The fact that Peak Oil is the theme for one of the seven main presentations at the congress shows that Peak Oil is now an important topic of discussion in the international and national oil industries. Earlier, Total had indicated that they believed Peak Oil could occur before 2030 so it was with some suspense that we awaited the message from Total and their managing director de Margarie.</p>
<p>It was with great excitement that I read in Upstreamonline.com their first article on the new message from Total. However, it proved to be a great disappointment. It seems that Total has pulled itself into line and now says, “Yes, we can meet demand”. On Peak Oil they now no longer give any timepoint but say instead that technology will make it possible meet future needs. The International Energy (IEA) says that future needs are greater than 100 million barrels per day in 2035. Here are some lines from the article at Upstreamonline.com:<br />
“Yes we can,” was the message from the enigmatic boss of oil giant Total to the World Petroleum Congress in Qatar on the industry’s ongoing attempt to tackle pessimistic peak oil scenarios, with improvements in technology to lead the fight. “We have plenty of resources,” the chief executive of the French oil stalwart told delegates at a conference session in Doha on Wednesday entitled: ‘Peak oil: ahead of us or behind us?’ “The problem is not with resources, it is how to extract resources in an acceptable manner, because today, a lot of people won’t accept it. So we have to fight, not against it, but to fight to…prove that we can do it in a more acceptable, sustainable way.”<br />
De Margerie claimed it is a fight which can be won by oil companies once priority is given to implementing new technologies for exploration and production.“Keep in mind that: yes we can – and I was not the first to say it,” de Margerie said in reference to a campaign slogan employed by Barack Obama in his successful bid for the US presidency.<br />
“Energy is life, but the price to pay will be extremely high… Energy can be done in a way which is in compliance with the climate, and definitely we have this as a common challenge.”<br />
The Total boss warned that “huge investment” is needed in the oil and gas industry to meet increasing demand at lower cost to the climate. “That is what people are expecting from us: it is not just to say that we cannot do it, it is to say, ‘yes, we can do it’, but we need to prove that it can be done in a clean way.”</p>
<p>If we summarise the oil industry’s activities in recent months we can assert that Peak Oil is now on their agenda and they do not deny that, with current technology Peak Oil would be reality. However, they believe in new technological breakthroughs. This can be interpreted in many ways but what is needed now is that industry and the IEA reveal what their analyses say that these new technologies will be able to achieve. The IEA has said previously that four new Saudi Arabias will be needed just to maintain current production.</p>
<p>Swedich: Inför World Petroleum Congress i Doha, Qatar, skriver Gulf Times i en artikel:  A highlight is the keynote speech that will be delivered by Total’s President and CEO, Christophe de Margerie on the theme: “Peak oil &#8211; ahead of us or behind us?” on December 7.  Det faktum att Peak Oil blev temat för en av de sju huvudpresentationerna vid kongressen visar att Peak Oil numera är ett stort diskussionsämne inom den internationella och nationella oljeindustrin.  Tidigare har Total indikerat att man tror att Peak Oil kan bli verklighet innan 2030 så det var med spänning som vi väntade på budskapet från Total och deras verkställande direktör de Margerie. </p>
<p>Med stor spänning läste jag i Upstreamsonline.com en första artikel om det nya budskapet från Total och det blev en stor besvikelse. Det visade sig att man nu har rättat in sig i ledet och säger ”Yes, we can meet demand” och vad det gäller Peak Oil nämner man ingen tidpunkt utan budskapet är att teknologi skall göra det möjligt att möta framtidens behov och International Energy Agency säger att framtidens behov är mer än 100 miljoner fat om dagen år 2035. Här är några rader från artikeln i Upstreamsonline.com:</p>
<p>“Yes we can,” was the message from the enigmatic boss of oil giant Total to the World Petroleum Congress in Qatar on the industry’s ongoing attempt to tackle pessimistic peak oil scenarios, with improvements in technology to lead the fight.<br />
   “We have plenty of resources,” the chief executive of the French oil stalwart told delegates at a conference session in Doha on Wednesday entitled: ‘Peak oil: ahead of us or behind us?’<br />
   “The problem is not with resources, it is how to extract resources in an acceptable manner, because today, a lot of people won’t accept it. So we have to fight, not against it, but to fight to&#8230;prove that we can do it in a more acceptable, sustainable way.”<br />
   De Margerie claimed it is a fight which can be won by oil companies once priority is given to implementing new technologies for exploration and production.<br />
   “Keep in mind that: yes we can – and I was not the first to say it,” de Margerie said in reference to a campaign slogan employed by Barack Obama in his successful bid for the US presidency.<br />
   “Energy is life, but the price to pay will be extremely high&#8230; Energy can be done in a way which is in compliance with the climate, and definitely we have this as a common challenge.”<br />
   The Total boss warned that “huge investment” is needed in the oil and gas industry to meet increasing demand at lower cost to the climate. “That is what people are expecting from us: it is not just to say that we cannot do it, it is to say, ‘yes, we can do it’, but we need to prove that it can be done in a clean way.” </p>
<p>Om vi summerar oljeindustrins aktiviteter de senaste månaderna kan vi konstatera att Peak Oil nu finns på agendan och man förnekar inte att med dagens teknik är Peak Oil verklighet, men man tror på nya teknologiska genombrott. Detta kan tolkas på många sätt, men det krävs nu att industrin och IEA med öppna analyser visa vad dessa nya teknologier skall åstadkomma. International Energy Agency har tidigare sagt att det krävs fyra nya Saudiarabien bara för att behålla en konstant produktion. </p>
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		<title>Peak Oil discussions at the World Petroleum Congress in Qatar</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/peak-oil-discussions-at-the-world-petroleum-congress-in-qatar/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Dec 2011 16:51:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[(Swedish below) When one examines the programme for the World Petroleum Congress in Qatar, December 5-7, one can see that there are seven plenary sessions and the last of these has the theme “Peak Oil: Ahead of Us or Behind Us?”. The managing director of the French oil company Total, Christophe de Margarie, is the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2434&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(Swedish below)<br />
When one examines the programme for the World Petroleum Congress in Qatar, December 5-7, one can see that there are seven plenary sessions and the last of these has the theme “Peak Oil: Ahead of Us or Behind Us?”. The managing director of the French oil company Total, Christophe de Margarie, is the main speaker and it will be exciting to see what he has to say.</p>
<p>However, Peak Oil was already a topic of discussion yesterday at a round table discussion titled, ”Peak Oil: Reality or Mirage?” The online oil news site Upstreamonline.com headlined its daily news with, “ExxonMobil: ‘Technology to beat Peak Oil’’’. This was because Marco Rasi, vice president of Asia Pacific at ExxonMobil Development had made the following statement during the discussion,<br />
“We don’t need to discover a lot of new resources if we continue to push forward with new technology and make it possible to economically produce resources that we already know about,”. He added, “Many of the assumptions that underlie peak oil theory…are really unfounded, because they do not take into account the role of technology. Technology makes it easier, and therefore more economically viable, to find hydrocarbons.”</p>
<p>This optimistic attitude towards Peak Oil was not shared by Alexey Kontorovich, Academician and Chairman of the Presidium of Kemorovo Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science. He thought it possible that oil production would reach a maximum in 2020 and not later than 2030. It was also interesting that he gave an estimated oil production in year 2100 of between 4.2 and 4.5 billion barrels per year. That should be compare with current production of 30 billion barrels per year.</p>
<p>Of course, it would have been interesting if I had been invited to participate in the discussion on Peak Oil but it was gratifying nevertheless that Peak Oil is now on the agenda of the large oil companies.</p>
<p>(Swedish)<br />
Då man studerar programmet för World Petroleum Congress i Qatar, december 5-7, så har man under de tre dagarna 7 planarsessioner och den sista av dessa har temat ”Peak Oil: Ahead of Us or Behind Us?” Det är verkställande direktören för det franska oljebolaget Total, Christophe de Margerie, som är huvudtalare och det skall bli spännande att få referat om vad han sagt. </p>
<p>Men redan igår tisdag diskuterades Peak Oil vid en rundabordsdiskussion under temat: ”Peak Oil: Reality or Mirage?” Den dagliga oljetidningen ”Upstreamsonline.com” toppade dagens nyhetssida med rubriken: ExxonMobil: ‘Technology to beat Peak Oil’. Det var Marco Rasi, vice president of Asia Pacific at ExxonMobil Development, som hade uttalat sig och i debatten gjorde han följande uttalande: </p>
<p>“We don’t need to discover a lot of new resources if we continue to push forward with new technology and make it possible to economically produce resources that we already know about,” med tillägget “Many of the assumptions that underlie peak oil theory&#8230;are really unfounded, because they do not take into account the role of technology. Technology makes it easier, and therefore more economically viable, to find hydrocarbons.” </p>
<p>Denna optimistiska inställning till Peak Oil delades inte av Alexey Kontorovich, Academician, Chairman of the Presidium of Kemorovo Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science, Russia. Han kunde tänka sig att oljeproduktionen skulle nå en topp år 2020 och inte senare än 2030. Det var också mycket intressant att han angav beräknade att oljeproduktionen år 2100 skulle vara mellan 4.2 och 4.5 miljarder fat om året. Det skall jämföras med dagen produktion på 30 miljarder fat om året. </p>
<p>Självfallet skulle det varit intressant om jag blivit inbjuden och fått vara med och diskutera Peak Oil, men det känns ändå stort att vi nu placerat Peak Oil på de stora oljebolagens agenda. </p>
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		<title>Radio China International and 20th World Petroleum Congress in Doha, Qatar</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/radio-china-international-and-20th-world-petroleum-congress-in-doha-qatar/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:01:06 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[(Swedish below) (My blog activity has been low for a while but not because there has been nothing to discuss. Rather, there has been so much else to do. I will now start blogging more intensively.) Yesterday I received an email and a telephone call from Radio China International. They inquired if I would be [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2429&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(Swedish below)</p>
<p> (My blog activity has been low for a while but not because there has been nothing to discuss. Rather, there has been so much else to do. I will now start blogging more intensively.)</p>
<p>Yesterday I received an email and a telephone call from Radio China International. They inquired if I would be willing to answer a few questions on the occasion of the 20th World Petroleum Congress in Doha, Qatar. Every third year the world’s oil producers gather for a large congress. For the first time they have now gathered in the Middle East. The interview with Radio China International has now been completed and it is interesting to look at the questions that they wanted to discuss. It became apparent that the reason they were interested in discussing oil’s future with me was a report I wrote in 2007 commissioned by the OECD, “Peak Oil and the Evolving Strategies of Oil Importing and Exporting Countries”. In the report I asserted that that the growth in production that continued international economic growth required would not be possible in the future.</p>
<p>They sent me written copies of the questions that they wanted to discuss so let’s look at what worries and interests China:<br />
1. The 20th World Petroleum Congress is hosted by Qatar Petroleum and takes place at the Qatar National Convention Centre (QNCC) in Doha, Qatar, from 4-8 December 2011. Since it is established in 1933, this is the first time that the World Petroleum Congress is hosted in the Middle East. So what kind of contributions would it bring to the Middle East economical development since the congress is hosted in the main exporters of Petroleum? </p>
<p>Everyone is aware that 50% of the world’s remaining crude oil exists in the Middle East. The fact that the international oil companies choose to hold their congress in the Middle East indicates clearly that oil production in the Middle East, and primarily exports of oil from the Middle East, will be decisive for the world’s future.</p>
<p>2. The theme of 20th WPC is about Energy Solutions for All: Promoting Cooperation, Innovation and Investment, which provides an excellent opportunity for delegates to discuss how the petroleum industry will meet the energy challenges of the 21st century. So what would be the solutions aimed at providing global access to reliable, affordable and sustainable energy in both the near and long term future? And now, since the petroleum produce giants are almost sitting together, so how could the WPC promote the cooperation among different countries in the world?</p>
<p>There are two types of cooperation to discuss. Mainly the international (but also some national) oil companies are collaborating to produce oil under extreme conditions – oil in deep water, oil from oil sands etc. &#8211; and this collaboration will continue. When considering collaboration between nations one thinks mainly of the OPEC cartel. The fact that most OPEC nations already have limited production capacity means that discussions around collaborations to increase production capacity will diminish. It is now likely that, in future, there will be reasons for OPEC nations to discuss decrease in their production and this also means that OPEC’s influence will decrease. I believe we are heading towards a period when there will likely be less cooperation between oil-producing nations since each nation will seek to optimize its own future benefit. The nations may seek to minimise oil exports in order to supply their own economies with oil in the future.</p>
<p>3. The price of world petroleum fluctuates through all these years, and what kind of effect will bring to China economy situation and the world economy order? </p>
<p>The fact that global oil production has been flat since 2005 has meant that we are now beginning to see a change in the distribution of the consumption of the oil that is available. During the last 5 years the oil producing nations have been increasing their domestic oil consumption and this has meant that oil exports have decreased by about 3 million barrels per day (Mb/d). At the same time, India, China and the nations outside the OECD in South East Asia have increased their imports by 3 million barrels per day. That means that the OECD nations have been forced to relinquish consumption of around 6 Mb/d since 2005. My view is that this is one of the reasons behind the economic crises in the USA and the EU.</p>
<p>4. As the petroleum is a kind of nonrenewable energy source, and it is really significant to human’s future development. In order to achieve sustainable development, what kind of attitudes should those petroleum giant companies hold towards to the issue that relate to human’s future?</p>
<p>When one studies the congress’ programme one can see that this is not on the agenda. The question is very relevant and it this question of humanity’s future that is the motivation behind my own engagement in the issue of Peak Oil. Of course, the future should be discussed from a humanitarian viewpoint.</p>
<p>5. In the modern world, some scientists are arguing that we should develop clean, recycle and renewable energy sources. In your perspective, do you think petroleum can be replaced by other source in the future? And in what way?</p>
<p>We consume about 30 billion barrels of oil every year. In one of our scientific articles my research group has shown that this cannot be replaced by the products of global agriculture. Today, almost no food is produced without the use of fossil fuels. I believe that the energy needed for food production can be provided by residues/waste products from agriculture but for other sectors of the economy the picture is significantly darker. The use of petroleum for heating and electricity generation can be replaced but for the transport sector replacement is more difficult. In the near future transport can exploit the oil currently used in heating and electricity generation but within 10 years we may see very significant difficulties.</p>
<p>6. What is the trend of world petroleum investment in the future? By promoting petroleum investment, what kind of measures will be taken to accelerate the world economy revival?</p>
<p>This question was not asked during the actual interview but it is relevant and interesting. If we look back through history increased oil consumption has always been required to grow the global economy. The investments required for oil production are enormous and it is this that the International Energy Agency emphasizes in its yearly report. It remains to be seen what future measures will be taken.</p>
<p>7. For developing countries, what kind of path should we go along to balance the sustainable development and economy booming, especially on the issue of environmental protection and social advance?</p>
<p>The person who can answer this question will be the world’s hero. This question encompasses the entire issue that we face. We know that the energy that the world receives each year from the sun is far greater than the volume of energy that we currently consume. Energy exists also stored in uranium and in thorium. We should invest in all forms of alternative energy but it is the area of electricity generation from renewable sources that has the greatest potential.</p>
<p>8. The Iraq war witness a great demand of petroleum, and can we say the wars make contribution to the booming of petroleum investment and development?</p>
<p>There was not enough time in the interview for this question on Iraq. However, we can see that production there has not returned to the level it held before the war. There is great potential there to increase production by some millions of barrels per day but so far the required investments have not been made.</p>
<p>The answers above are not the exact answers that I gave during the recording of the interview but I have approximate them. As you can see, the questions address important issues regarding future production. Since these questions are being asked by the Chinese it shows that they are very aware of these future difficulties. </p>
<p>(Aktiviteten har varit låg under en tid, inte för att det inte funnits något att diskutera utan snarare att det varit mycket så mycket annat att göra. Nu tänker jag på nytt ta tag i min blogg)</p>
<p>I går fick jag mail och telefonsamtal från Radio China International och man undrade om jag var villig att svara på några frågor med anledning av den 20:de World Petroleum Congress i Doha, Qatar. Var tredje år samlas världens oljeproducenter till en stor kongress och för första gången är man nu samlade i Mellanöstern. Intervjun är nu avklarade och det kan vara intressant att titta på de frågor som man var intresserade av att diskutera. Det framkom att anledningen till att man var intresserade att diskutera oljans framtid med mig var den rapport som jag 2007 skriv på uppdrag av OECD, ”Peak Oil and the Evolving Strategies of Oil Importing and Exporting Countries”. I rapporten konstaterade jag att den produktionsökning som fortsatt internationell tillväxt krävde inte var möjlig i framtiden. </p>
<p>De frågor som man ville diskutera fick jag även skriftligen så låt oss titta på vad som oroar och intresserar Kina:</p>
<p><em>1.	The 20th World Petroleum Congress is hosted by Qatar Petroleum and takes place at the Qatar National Convention Centre (QNCC) in Doha, Qatar, from 4-8 December 2011. Since it is established in 1933, this is the first time that the World Petroleum Congress is hosted in the Middle East. So what kind of contributions would it bring to the Middle East economical development since the congress is hosted in the main exporters of Petroleum?</em><br />
Alla är medvetna o matt over 50% av den återstående råoljan finn I Mellanöstern och det faktum att de internationella oljebolagen väljer att förlägga sin congress till Mellanöstern markerar tydligt att produktionen i Mellanöstern, och framförallt exporten av olja från Mellanöstern är helt avgörande för världens framtid.</p>
<p><em>2.	 The theme of 20th WPC is about Energy Solutions for All: Promoting Cooperation, Innovation and Investment, which provides an excellent opportunity for delegates to discuss how the petroleum industry will meet the energy challenges of the 21st century. So what would be the solutions aimed at providing global access to reliable, affordable and sustainable energy in both the near and long term future? And now, since the petroleum produce giants are almost sitting together, so how could the WPC promote the cooperation among different countries in the world?</em><br />
Det finns två slags samarbeten att diskutera. Vi har framförallt de internationell men också nationella oljebolag som samarbetar för att utvinna olja under extrema förhållanden, djupvattenolja, oljesand mm, och detta samarbete kommer att fortsätta. Vad det gäller samarbete mellan länder tänker man framförallt på OPEC.  Det faktum att de flesta OPEC-länderna redan nu har begränsad produktionskapacitet  medför att samarbete där ökad produktion diskuteras kommer att försvinna. Att det i framtiden skall finnas anledning för OPEC att minska sin produktion är mindre sannorligt och det betyder också att OPEC:s makt kommer att minska. Jag tror att vi går mot en tid då vi förmodligen kommer att ha mindre samarbete mellan oljeländerna för alla kommer att maximera sin egen framtid. Det kan bli så att man i framtiden minimerar exporten så att man bara exporterar det man behöver för att klara sin egen ekonomi.</p>
<p><em>3.	The price of world petroleum fluctuates through all these years, and what kind of effect will bring to China economy situation and the world economy order? </em><br />
Det faktum att den globala oljeproduktionen varit konstant sedan 2005 har medfört att vi nu börjar se en ny fördelning av den olja som är tillgänglig att konsumera. De oljeproducerande länderna har de senaste 5 åren ökat sin egen konsumtion och detta har medfört att exportvolymen har minskat med ca 3 miljoner fat om dagen. Samtidigt har Indien, Kina och länder utanför OECD i Sydostasien ökat sin import med ca  3 miljoner fat om dagen. Det betyder att OECD-länderna tvingats att avstå från konsumtion med ca 6 miljoner fat om dagen sedan 2005. Min åsikt är att detta är en av anledningarna till den ekonomiska krisen som vi har i USA och EU. </p>
<p><em>4.	 As the petroleum is a kind of nonrenewable energy source, and it is really significant to human’s future development. In order to achieve sustainable development, what kind of attitudes should those petroleum giant companies hold towards to the issue that relate to human’s future?</em>Då man studerar programmet för kongressen så finns inte danna fråga på agendan. Frågan är mycket relevant och det är just mänsklighetens framtid som är drivkraften för mitt eget engagemang vad det gäller Peak Oil. Självfallet borde man diskutera framtiden från en humanitär vinkel.</p>
<p><em>5.	In the modern world, some scientists are arguing that we should develop clean, recycle and renewable energy sources. In your perspective, do you think petroleum can be replaced by other source in the future? And in what way?</em><br />
Vi konsumerar ungefär 30 miljarder fat olja om året. Vi har i en vetenskaplig artikel visat att den globala jordbrukssektorn inte kan ersätta detta. Idag produceras ingen mat utan att vi använder olja och fossila produkter. Jag tror att den energi som behövs för matproduktion kan komma från restprodukter inom jordbruket, men för andra sektorer är det betydligt mörkare. Petroleum för uppvärmning och elproduktion kan ersättas men för transportsektorn kommer det att bli allt svårare. De närmaste åren kan vara OK då man kan använda den olja som tidigare användes för uppvärmning och elproduktion, men inom 10 år kan det bli stora problem.<br />
<em><br />
6.	 What is the trend of world petroleum investment in the future? By promoting petroleum investment, what kind of measures will be taken to accelerate the world economy revival?</em><br />
Frågan ställdes inte under intervjun, men den är relevant och intressant. Om vi blickar bakåt har det alltid behövts ökan oljekonsumtion för att få fart på den globala ekonomin. De investeringar som behövs för att öka produktionen är enorma och det är detta som också International Energy Agency lyfter fram i sin årliga rapport. Vi får se vilken trend det blir.</p>
<p><em>7.	For developing countries, what kind of path should we go along to balance the sustainable development and economy booming, especially on the issue of environmental protection and social advance?</em><br />
Den som har svar på denna fråga skulle bli världens hjälte. Frågan rymmer hela den problemställning som vi har framför oss. Vi vet att den energi so varje år kommer från solen är enormt mycket större än vad vi konsumerar. Det finns också lagrad energi i uran och torium. Det krävs satsningar inom allt, men det är inom förnybar elproduktion som vi har den största potentialen. </p>
<p><em>8.	The Iraq war witness a great demand of petroleum, and can we say the wars make contribution to the booming of petroleum investment and development?</em><br />
Det fans inte tid för frågan om Irak. Vi kan dock se att produktionen inte har ökat jämfört med vad den var innan krigen. Det finns en stor potential för ytterligare några miljoner fat om dagen, men för tillfället har man inte gjort de investeringar som krävs.</p>
<p>De svar som finns här är inte exakt vad svaren blev under inspelningen, men ungefär så här. Som ni ser tar frågorna upp allt väsentligt för framtida oljeproduktion och att det är Kina som ställer frågorna visar på stor medvetenhet om framtiden problem.   </p>
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		<title>International evaluation of Peak Oil research at Uppsala University</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/11/19/international-evaluation-of-peak-oil-research-at-uppsala-university/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Nov 2011 15:52:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[The research activities at Uppsala University have now been evaluated by an international panel and the research by Global Energy Research Group was ranked as high, to very high. The report can be found on the University homepage (read report) and on page 371 you can read the evaluation of my group. This is a [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2423&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The research activities at Uppsala University have now been evaluated by an international panel and the research by Global Energy Research Group was ranked as high, to very high. The report can be found on the University homepage (<a href="//www.uu.se/digitalAssets/80/80768_KoF11klar.pdf)">read report</a>) and on page 371 you can read the evaluation of my group. This is a very important statement about Peak Oil;  “it is very likely that the GESG point of view is correct”. It is also unbelievable that the evaluation discusses the importance of our work in comparison with the work of Aristotle.</p>
<p>Below you have some of the notes:   </p>
<p>Research quality</p>
<p>Using the formal Uppsala rating system, we assess the recent work of the GESG as a mix of top-quality, internationally high quality, and internationally recognized work. This especially reflects the series of 23 papers published in international highly ranked research journals, which are beginning to attract good citation numbers.</p>
<p>• The quality of the work is high, to very high.<br />
• Further, the theme is of immediate societal, political, and economic importance, and well-researched, authoritative evidence from research groups such as the GESG is valued by the world, and will continue to bring great attention to Uppsala University.<br />
• The panel identified the controversial nature of some of the findings of the GESG, but they felt it is very likely that the GESG point of view is correct, and that a distinguished university of long standing is a perfect homefor well-informed, academically sound researchers who occasionally annoy senior politicians and business people. As Lord Luce said in London in May, 2011, ‘ It was the job of an independent university not to be afraid to annoy people’, and similar views have been expressed down the centuries by Aristotle, Bacon, and Newman.</p>
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		<title>World Energy Outlook 2011 sweeps Peak Oil under the mat / World Energy Outlook 2011 sopar Peak Oil under mattan</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/11/12/world-energy-outlook-2011-sopar-peak-oil-under-mattan/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Nov 2011 16:45:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[It was with great excitement that I opened the file containing the recently released World Energy Outlook 2011. In suspense I looked for the usual chapter on oil but I quickly discovered that it was the same as last year.I went back to the “highlights” on page 13 and it appears that the IEA will [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2416&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It was with great excitement that I opened the file containing the recently released World Energy Outlook 2011. In suspense I looked for the usual chapter on oil but I quickly discovered that it was the same as last year.I went back to the “highlights” on page 13 and it appears that the IEA will not discuss oil in this year’s edition of World Energy Outlook. It concentrates mainly on natural gas:</p>
<p>“The Golden Age of Gas Scenario takes the WEO-2010 New Policies  Scenario as its starting point, and adopts new Assumptions that have  the effect of building a more positive future outlook for natural gas  to 2035.”</p>
<p>The fact that the IEA has chosen to continue with last year’s estimates of oil suits me very well since I do not need to update anything in my recently completed book Peeking at Peak Oil. The next contribution to the international debate on oil will come when that book is released in late February / early March in English and Swedish. We have now begun to discuss a Spanish translation. I will return to WEO-2011 a little later when I have read it.</p>
<p>(In Swedish)</p>
<p>Det var med stor spänning som jag öppnad filen med World Energy Outlook 2011. Med spänning letade jag efter det vanliga kapitlet om olja och mycket snabbt upptäckte jag att man kopierade förra årets version. Jag gick tillbaka till sidan 13 och ”Highlights” och framgår det att man inte tänker diskutera oilja i årets upplaga av World Energy Outlook. Man kommer framförallt att koncentrera sig på naturgas: </p>
<p>The Golden Age of Gas Scenario takes the WEO-2010 New Policies Scenario as its starting point, and adopts new Assumptions that have the effect of building a more positive future outlook for natural gas to 2035.</p>
<p>Det faktum att man väljer att ha kvar förra årets uppskattning om olja passar mig utmärkt för det betyder att jag inte behöver ändra någon till i min bok Peeking at Peak Oil. Nästa inlägg i den internationella oljedebatten blir boken som skall komma ut runt månadsskiftet februari mars då den kommer på engelska och svenska. Vi har nu börjat att diskutera en spansk översättning. Jag skall återkomma till WEO-2011 lite senare då jag har läst den. </p>
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		<title>The OECD&#8217;s economic crisis / OECD:s ekonomiska kris</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/10/28/oecds-ekonomiska-kris/</link>
		<comments>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/10/28/oecds-ekonomiska-kris/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Oct 2011 22:14:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[After a pause of a few weeks it is time to begin to write my blog again. You should know that Michael who translates my blog into English, Olle who has done all the illustrations in my book and I have been working around the clock during the last month to make the book “Peeking [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2410&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After a pause of a few weeks it is time to begin to write my blog again. You should know that Michael who translates my blog into English, Olle who has done all the illustrations in my book and I have been working around the clock during the last month to make the book “Peeking at Peak Oil” ready for publication. The book will be given to the publisher on 10 November. To my surprise, rumours of the book have begun to spread on the internet and some international booksellers have already begun to advertise its coming release. Springer hopes to have it in the bookstores by February.</p>
<p>I wrote the entire book in Swedish and Michael then translated it into English. Now I am editing the Swedish version so that the changes we made while preparing the English version are included. The Swedish version will be printed by Studentliteratur as a “translation” of the English original. We hope that the Swedish version will be printed by mid-March.</p>
<p>Yesterday, I presented parts of the book in Zurich when I was invited to give a presentation to SNS Switzerland – Liechtenstein (SNS = Student Association for Industry and Society) which is a society for Swedes resident or temporarily working in Switzerland or Liechtenstein). The title of the presentation was “The OECD’s reduced opportunities to import oil can explain the OECD’s economic crisis!” It is now 10 years since we started ASPO and at that time the price of oil was a little over $20 per barrel. Since 2005 real oil production has been stable at around 81.5 million barrels per day (Mb/d, see the BP Statistical Review of World Energy) and the fact that production has been unable to be increased has meant that prices have skyrocketed. The 27 nations of the EU with the USA together import 24 Mb/d and the rapid rise in the price of oil has not been compensated for with increased exports of goods to pay the higher oil bill. Instead they have gone into debt. What we are seeing now is exactly what, in 2002, we said would happen in 2010 but, at that time, was called “craziness”. There are more details in my book, but I will return to them later. </p>
<p>Next week ASPO USA holds it annual conference and I will present a few more details from the book. Springer will also be there for a  first viewing of the book. </p>
<p>(In Swedish)<br />
Efter några veckors paus är det dags att börja skriva på min blogg igen. Ni vet att Michael, som översätter min blogg till engelska men även min bok, Olle, som gjort alla illustrationer till min bok, och jag själv den senaste månaden jobbat dygnet runt för att få klar boken <a href="http://www.fysast.uu.se/ges/files/Aleklett%20Flyer.pdf">”Peeking at Peak Oil”</a> färdig för tryckning. Den 10 november lämnades den över till Springer. Till min förvåning har ryktet om boken spridit sig till internet och några internetförsäljare av böcker har redan börjat att annonsera om att den skall komma. Springer hoppas att den skall vara ute till februari. </p>
<p>Jag skrev hela boken på svenska som Micheal sedan översatte till Engelska och nu håller jag på och editerar den svenska versionen så att de ändringar som vi gjorde då vi färdigstälde den engelska versionen kommer med. Den svenska versionen skall tryckas av Studentlitteratur som en ”översättning” av det engelska originalet. Vi hoppas att den svenska versionen skall vara tryckt i mitten av mars. </p>
<p>I går presenterade jag delar av boken i Zürich då jag var inbjuden att hålla föredrag för SNS Schweiz – Liechtenstein (SNS – Studieförbundet Näringsliv och Samhälle), som är en förening för svenskar som bosatt sig eller som tillfället jobbar i Schweiz och Liechtenstein. Titeln på föredraget var : &#8220;OECD:s minskade möjligheter att importera olja kan förklara OECD:s ekonomiska kris!” Det är nu 10 år sedan vi startade ASPO och då var priset på olja lite över $20 per fat. Sedan 2005 har den verkliga oljeproduktionen vari konstant med 81.5 miljoner fat om dagen (se BP Statistical Revue of World Energy) och det faktum att produktionen inte kunde öka medförde att priser rusade i höjden. EU27 och USA importerade tillsammans 24 miljoner fat om dagen den snabba ökningen av oljepriset har inte kompenserats med ökad export av varor för att betala den höga oljenotan. Man har i stället byggt upp en skuld. Det som vi nu ser är exakt vad vi sa 2002 skulle hända runt åt 2010 men då kallades synpunkten för ”tokerier”. Det finns fler detaljer i min bok, men jag får återkomma till dem senare. </p>
<p>Nästa vecka har ASPO USA sin årliga konferens och då skall jag presentera lite andra detaljer från boken och Springer kommer också att vara där för en förhandstitt på boken. </p>
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		<title>Return to the Master Colin</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/09/21/return-to-the-master-colin/</link>
		<comments>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/09/21/return-to-the-master-colin/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Sep 2011 21:54:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[In August 2001 I telephoned Colin Campbell to discuss Peak Oil. During the conversation, Colin began to discuss what would happen with ASPO, the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas. The idea of ASPO was born at the end of 2000. Since January 2001 Colin had been writing a newsletter every month [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2406&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In August 2001 I telephoned Colin Campbell to discuss Peak Oil. During the conversation, Colin began to discuss what would happen with ASPO, the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas. The idea of ASPO was born at the end of 2000. Since January 2001 Colin had been writing a newsletter every month for ASPO but its other activities were very limited. Colin threatened to stop writing his newsletters in December 2001 and to put aside ASPO. It was then that I decided to travel to Ballydehob in southwest Ireland to visit Colin. At the end of September 2001 I flew with Ryanair from Stockholm to Cork, hired a car and drove a very crooked road down to Ballydehob. Colin was still thinking of putting aside ASPO, but when I suggested that I could organise a workshop at Uppsala University he regained his interest in the ASPO project. My suggestion was to organise, “The International Workshop on Oil Depletion” in May 2002 and Colin approved of the idea. I insisted that the workshop should be “International” and include speakers from the Middle East, Russia and the USA as well as all of the people from Europe. Colin said he could arrange that and he did. </p>
<p>I had no idea that my trip to Ballydehob would completely change my life. In 2001 I was a researcher with a special focus on heavy ion physics, i.e. nuclear reactions between elements that are heavier than sulphur. Now my work focusses entirely on Peak Oil.</p>
<p>Now I have travelled to Ballydehob once again but this time I had with my manuscript for the book “Peeking at Peak Oil”. From 2003 I changed the direction of my research and, although previously deeply involved in nuclear physics, began to research factors that are of importance regarding Peak Oil. In the past 8 years I have built up a research activity that, in February 2012, will result in the successful examination of its fourth doctoral student. In addition we have supervised 12 diploma students who have performed part of their research in the Peak Oil area. In total, we have published over 20 peer-reviewed articles. Together with me on my journey back to “the Master” was Olle Qvennerstedt who drew 110 illustrations for the book.</p>
<p>We had two wonderful days together with Colin and his wife Bobbin. Colin had read the first 11 chapters of the book earlier and when we came to Ballydehob we were to discuss Chapters 12 though to 19. These are the chapters in which the future is discussed. The changes that Colin had suggested before we came to Cork were quite small and when I arrived I asked “the Master” if he would award his “student” a passing grade. The answer was yes. Of course, Colin’s work and his work with us is described in the book and when I asked him whether he approved of my description of those aspects the answer was also positive. With such support I feel far more confident about having this manuscript published.</p>
<p>Olle was especially interested in the surroundings that are described in the book where the CIA visited Colin and he was pleased to find that he had understood correctly when he had prepared an illustration describing that. The relevant illustration is Figure 17.1 in Chapter 17 of Peeking at Peak Oil. That chapter is titled, “Why are military and intelligence agencies ‘Peeking at Peak Oil’?” and many people will find it interesting reading. </p>
<p>We left the Master gladdened and encouraged by his approval. The only remaining question is what the wider community will think of the book and that is something that only those who become engaged in the Peak Oil issue can decide.</p>
<p>(Swedish)<br />
I augusti 2001 ringde jag upp Colin Campbell för att diskutera Peak Oil. Under samtalet började Colin diskutera vad som skulle ske med ASPO, The Association for the Study of Peak Oil. Idén till ASPO föddes i slutet av år 2000 och Colin hade sedan januari 2001 skrivit ett nyhetsbrev varje månad, men övrig aktivitet var mycket begränsad. Colin hotade med att sluta skriva sina nyhetsbrev i december 2001 och lägga projektet ASPO på hyllan. Det var då som jag beslutade mig för att åka till Ballydehob i sydvästra Irland, och besöka Colin. I slutet av september 2001 flög jag med Ryanair från Stockholm till Cork, hyrde en bil och körde på en mycket krokig väg ner till Ballydehob. Colin tänkte fortfarande lägga ASPO på hyllan, men då föreslog jag att jag kunde försöka att ordna en Workshop vid Uppsala universitet, då fick Colin tillbaka intresserat för ASPO. Mitt förslag var att vi skulle ordna ”The International Workshop On Oil Depletion” i maj 2002 och Colin godkände förslaget. För att kalla det för en internationell konferens var mitt krav att det skulle finnas talare från Mellanöstern, Ryssland och USA förutom alla från Europa. Det fixar jag sa Colin och det gjorde han också. Inte kunde jag ana att denna resa till Ballydehob fullständigt skulle förändra mitt liv. Då 2001 var jag forskare med specialintresse tungjonfysik, dvs kärnreaktioner mellan grundämnen som var tyngre än svavel, nu är det 100 procent Peak Oil.</p>
<p>Nu har jag på nytt gjort resan till Ballydehob, men denna gång har jag med mig i bagaget mitt manuskript till boken ”Peeking at Peak Oil”. Från och med 2003 ändrade jag inriktning på min forskning och ”inbäddad” som kärnfysik började vi undersöka faktorer som är av stor betydelse för Peak Oil. Under 8 år har jag byggt upp en verksamhet som nu i februari presenterar sin fjärde doktorand. Dessutom har vi också handlett 12 examensarbetare som arbetat med delprojekt inom Peak Oil forskningen. Totalt har vi publicerat över 20 forskningsgranskade artiklar. Tillsammans med mig på resan tillbaka till mästaren var Olle Qvennerstedt som gjort alla 110 illustrationer till boken. </p>
<p>Vi har haft två fina dagar tillsammans med Colin och hans fru Bobbin. Colin hade läst de 11 första kapitlen i boken tidigare och nu då vi kom till Ballydehob skulle vi diskutera kapitel 12 till och med 19. Det är i dessa kapitlen  som framtiden diskuteras. De ändringsförslag som Colin kom med var mycket marginella. Innan vi åkte tillbaka till Cork frågade jag Colin om han som ”mästare” godkände elevens ”examensarbete” och svaret blev ja. Självfallet är Colin en del av det arbete som vi gjort och på en direkt fråga om han godkände de berättelser där hans namn nämns blev svaret ja. Det känns tryggt att trycka ”Peeking at Peak Oil” med detta stöd. </p>
<p>Olle var särskilt intresserad av den miljö som beskrivs då CIA kom och besökte Colin och Olle var mycket nöjd med att han uppfattat den rätt. Bilden kallas för figur 17.1 och kapitel 17, ”Why are military and intelligent agencies “Peeking at Peak Oil?”, kommer att bli en intressant läsning för många. </p>
<p>Vi lämnar Mästaren men en behaglig känsla att vi har fått godkänt. Frågan är vad det blir för slutbetyg på boken och det kan bara ni sätta som är engagerad i ”Peak Oil”. </p>
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		<title>There Will Be Peak Oil</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/09/20/there-will-be-peak-oil-2/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Sep 2011 23:05:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[In his book The Prize, Daniel Yergin showed how elegantly he can describe oil&#8217;s history. In his article in the WSJ, &#8220;There will be Oil&#8220;,Yergin has shown once again that he is a master of this discipline and this time he concentrates on M. King Hubbert and that scientist’s world famous Hubbert peak. Yergin aired [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2404&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In his book The Prize, Daniel Yergin showed how elegantly he can describe oil&#8217;s history. In his article in the WSJ, &#8220;<a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904060604576572552998674340.html">There will be Oil</a>&#8220;,Yergin has shown once again that he is a master of this discipline and this time he concentrates on M. King Hubbert and that scientist’s world famous Hubbert peak. Yergin aired elements of Hubbert&#8217;s history that are irrelevant to Peak Oil and so gave the impression that his aim was to discredit Hubbert’s character rather than to discuss Hubbert’s science and the facts behind Peak Oil. Hubbert’s amazing achievement cannot be disputed – that using his simple Hubbert model and the limited information available in 1956, he was able to define limits on future U.S. oil production and predict the year of peak U.S. oil production as 1971. That Hubbert’s prediction of a mid-1990s peak in global oil production proved incorrect was mainly related to the fact that the oil-producing countries in the Middle East closed their taps in the 1970s. (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFlLtn9YNag">In fact, in a 1976 TV interview, Hubbert stated that the political curtailment of Middle East oil production could delay Peak Oil until the early years of this century</a>.) Prior to the oil crises of the 1970s, the world&#8217;s oil production could be described as one large system in which production increased by 7 percent per year. Hubbert based his prediction on this simple behavior. After the 1970s other methods than a simple Hubbert model are needed to describe reality. We are currently engaged in academic research on Peak Oil and today we have progressed much further than Hubbert in terms of models that describe future production. Thus it is quite clear that Daniel Yergin does not read peer reviewed academic publications. For example, we have demonstrated that an oilfield typically reaches peak production when 40 percent of its oil has been produced and that its production after that, including through the use of the new technologies that Yergin discusses, can be described as Tail End production. This means that new oilfields constantly need to be brought online to maintain, (let alone boost), global production. Indeed, Yergin contradicted his own “There Will Be Oil” mantra by stating that discovery of new fields will be lower in future. With detailed knowledge of the world&#8217;s oil production one can actually show that part of Yergin’s discussion supports the fact that we are living in the era of Peak Oil. </p>
<p>In the spring of 2002 ASPO, the Association for the Study of Peak Oil &amp; Gas, organized the world&#8217;s first International Peak Oil Conference in Uppsala, Sweden. In the press release from the conference we described how global total production of oil (crude oil, oil from oil sands and “natural gas liquids”) would reach peak production in 2010 at 85 million barrels a day. This number does not includes “processing gains” which is the volume increase that occurs as crude oil passes through a refinery, receives additives and is “cracked” into lighter molecules. </p>
<p>When Yergin discusses oil production he not describing actual production but rather the production volume that the oil companies consider maximally possible. Using these numbers is a clever way to lull readers into a false sense of security but the numbers are almost impossible to confirm. Actual oil production in 2010 was 82.1 Mb/d (according to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy) but Yergin gives the number 92 Mb/d and that means that he believes that the spare capacity is 10 Mb/d. Thus, the fact that Yergin describes production for 2030 at 110 Mb/d means that, in reality, actual production can be much lower.<br />
The fact that the oil production in 2010 is 82.1 Mb/d means that the production profile that ASPO described in 2002 and that was also published by K. Aleklett and C. Campbell in the journal Minerals and Energy in 2003, was too optimistic. One essential condition that we assumed for a production level of 85 Mb/d in 2010 was that production from Iraq&#8217;s giant oilfields would increase. This increase has not materialized. When the oil industry attained a production level of 81 Mb/d in 2004 it could not increase global production further. During the six years from 1999 to 2004, world oil production increased by 9.1 Mb/d, but in the following 6 years from 2005 to 2010 it remained constant at an average of 81.5 Mb/d. Production in 2008 was above this average but in 2009 it fell below it and in 2010 it was 82.1 Mb/d. The fact that oil production is now finally starting to increase in Iraq will probably prolong this world oil production plateau for some years.</p>
<p>The picture of future oil production that Yergin paints is the same as his company CERA presented in February 2007 in the Journal of Petroleum Technology (JPT). In a response in the same journal we were able to show just how unrealistic CERA’s future scenario was. The amount of oil needed for that future is not only the 125 billion barrels Yergin cites as growth in existing oilfields around the world, but something far larger entirely. In the upcoming book Peeking at Peak Oil we discuss how the future total volume produced from existing fields can be as high as 500 Gb, but that even that volume will not prevent Peak Oil. The world today consumes 30 Gb a year, and Yergin’s 125 GB amounts to 4 years and 2 months of consumption. However, the time it will take to get that additional 125 Gb out of the ground is more than 10 years and probably as much as 20 years.</p>
<p>When Daniel Yergin discusses oil reserves, he is describing what the industry calls 1P reserves (proven reserves). The real reserves that oil companies have are 2P reserves (proven and probable), but they are not permitted to book these reserves as their official reserves if they wish to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. By declaring only their 1P reserves it is possible to create an artificial appearance of future reserve security when, in fact, statistics show that the world has already passed the moment of peak 2P reserves.  The false image of the future that Daniel Yergin described in his WSJ opinion piece can be compared to trying to steer a supertanker on a journey by only looking in the rearview mirror. Mr Yergin is continuing to propagate the opinion that we need have no great concern for oil supplies over the next 50 years but by doing this he is reducing the ability of the American people to undertake the change necessary for the wellbeing of their children and grandchildren. With Daniel Yergin as first mate to the country&#8217;s captain, we will very soon run aground.</p>
<p>Kjell Aleklett, president of ASPO International,<br />
Professor at Uppsala University, Uppsala Global Energy Systems<br />
Author of the forthcoming book Peeking at Peak Oil</p>
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		<title>There Will Be Peak Oil</title>
		<link>http://aleklett.wordpress.com/2011/09/19/there-will-be-peak-oil/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2011 22:01:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>aleklett</dc:creator>
		
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		<description><![CDATA[Direkt då jag I lördags läste Daniel Yergins artikel ”There Will Be Oil” bestämde jag mig att skriva ett svar. Jag hade diskussioner med Bob Hirsch i Washington hue vi skulle agera. Vi får se vad det blir. Har är mina personliga reflektioner över artikeln- There Will Be Peak Oil I sin bok The Prize [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=aleklett.wordpress.com&amp;blog=3633680&amp;post=2398&amp;subd=aleklett&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Direkt då jag I lördags läste Daniel Yergins artikel ”<a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904060604576572552998674340.html">There Will Be Oil</a>” bestämde jag mig att skriva ett svar. Jag hade diskussioner med Bob Hirsch i Washington hue vi skulle agera. Vi får se vad det blir. Har är mina personliga reflektioner över artikeln- </p>
<p><strong>There Will Be Peak Oil</strong></p>
<p>I sin bok The Prize visade Daniel Yergin att han mycket skickligt kan berätta om oljans historia. I sin artikel i WSJ visar han på nytt att han behärskar denna konst och denna gång koncentrerar han sig på M. King Hubbert och hans världsberömda Hubbert topp. Yergin tar visserligen upp delar av Hubberts historia som saknar relevans för has arbete med begränsad produktion av olja, men om man som Daniel Yergin inte vill diskutera fakta bakom Peak Oil är det naturligtvis bra att försöka misskreditera Hubbert. Att Hubbert 1956 kunde med ett enkelt scenario ange gränser för den amerikanska oljeproduktionen med dåtidens begränsade kunskaper om vad som skulle ske inom oljebranschen och att den övre gränsen 1971 också representerade verkligheten är fantastiskt. Att Hubbert inte lyckades beskriva då den globala maximala produktionen skulle ske berodde framförallt på att de oljeproducerande länderna i Mellanöstern stängde sina kranar under 1970-talet. Fram till dess kunde värdens oljeproduktion beskrivas som ett enda stort system där ökningen var 7 procent om året. Från och med 1980 krävs det andra metoder än en Hubberts anpassning för att beskriva verkligheten. Vi som idag bedriver akademisk forskning inom Peak Oil har idag kommit mycket längre vad det gäller de modeller som beskriver framtidens produktion. Det är helt uppenbart att Daniel Yergin inte läser akademiska publikationer. Vi har bland annat visat att ett oljefälts maximala produktion når man vanligen då 40 procent av oljan producerats och att den framtida produktion som Yergin diskuterar sker som End Tail produktion. Det betyder att det behövs nya oljefält för att öka den globala produktionen. Mycket riktigt nämner Yergin att dessa fyndigheter kommer att minska i framtiden. Med detaljerad kunskap om världens oljeproduktion så går det faktiskt att stuva om Yergins diskussion så att den stödjer det faktum att vi lever i tidevarvet för Peak Oil. </p>
<p>Våren 2002 organiserade ASPO, the Association for the Study of  Peak Oil&amp;Gas, världens första internationella Peak Oil konferens i Uppsala, Sverige. I det pressmeddelande som då skickades ut visades att värdens samlade produktion av olja (råolja, olja från oljesand och naturligt flytande gas) skulle år 2010 nå maximal produktion med 85 miljoner fat om dagen. Då dessa produkter passerar ett raffinaderi tillsätts olika produkter och volymen ökar, det är denna volym som Daniel Yergin nämner då han säger att produktionen skall vara över 110 Mb/d 2010. Samtidigt säger han mycket riktigt att den verkllliga produktionen 2010 är 82 Mb/d, om vi skall vara mer exakta anges den i BP Statistical Review of World Energi till 82.1 Mb/b. Det betyder att den produktionsprofil som ASPO presenterade 2002, och som också publicerades av K. Aleklett och C. Campbell i Minerals and Energy 2003, var för optimistisk. Villkoret för en produktion med 85 Mb/d 2010 var att oljeproduktionen från Iraks gigantfält skulle öka. Av kända skäl vet vi att denna ökning har uteblivit. Då oljeindustrin 2004 nådde upp till 81 Mb/d kunde man inte öka den globala produktionen. Under 6 år från 1999 till 2004 ökade den globala oljeproduktionen med 9.1 Mb/d, medan den under de följande 6 åren från 2005 till 2010 var konstant med ett medelvärde på 81.5 Mb/d, där produktionen för 2008 ligger över, produktionen 2009 under och 2010 var den 82.1 Mb/d. Det är viktigt att man som forskare anger villkor för framtidens scenarier och Uppsala Globale Energy Systems research group vid Uppsala universitet (som samarbetar med Robert Hirsch) har visat att villkoret för den högre produktionen 2010 just var att produktionen skulle komma igång i de stora oljefälten i Irak. </p>
<p>Den bild av framtiden som Yergin målar upp om framtidens produktion är den samma som hans företag CERA presenterade i februari 2007 i Journal of Petroleum Technology (JPT). Vi fick då möjlighet att i JPT visa hur orealistisk detta framtidsscenario var. Den mängd olja som krävs för att den framtiden skall bli verklighet är inte bara de 125 miljarder fat som Yergins nämner som ökning i befintliga fält runt om i världen utan något helt annat. I den kommande boken Peeking at Peak Oil beräknas faktiskt denna volym till betydligt högre, men det kommer inte att hindra Peak Oil. Världen konsumerar idag 30 Gb om året och 125 Gb är exakt 4 år och 2 månaders konsumtion, men den tid som det kommer att ta för att få fram 125 Gb är längre än 10 år. </p>
<p>Då Daniel Yergin diskuterar oljereserver är det vad industrin kallar för 1P reserver (proven reservs), men de verkliga reserverna som oljebolagen har i sina böcker är 2P reserver (proven and probable) men de är inte tillåtna att ange dessa 2P reserver om man skall vara registrerade vid börsen i New York. Genom att använda 1P reserver kan man skapa en artificiell trygghet inför framtiden medan 2P statistiken visar det faktum att världen redan passerat den tidpunkt då 2p reserverna var som störst. Att framföra den falska bilden av framtidens verklighet som Daniel Yergin gör i WSJ kan jämföras med att försöka styra en supertanker mot en framtid genom att bara titta i backspegeln. Genom att framhärda åsikten att vi inte behöver oroa oss för än om 50 år försämras möjligheterna för det amerikanska folket att skapa den förändring som krävs för deras barn och barnbarns framtid. en. Med Daniel Yergin som styrman åt kaptenen kommer vi mycket snart att köra på grund. </p>
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